Best software ever

When this feature first appeared, one could trigger a stupid bug if one happened to have an application other than Preview.app set as the default application for files with the .pdf extension. If you had Adobe Acrobat set as your default PDF viewer, then hitting the preview button in print dialog boxes would open that preview in Acrobat.

It was a stupid bug, particularly because it was so obvious what was going wrong. The preview was being written to a temporary file with a .pdf extension and then being opened using whatever handler was defined in launch services. But you don’t want that, you want it to be handled by the operating system and not be subject to whether or not you have the patience to wait thirty seconds while Acrobat version 6 merrily paints its splash screen for your pleasure.

Later versions of Mac OS X fixed this so that the print preview is always displayed using Preview.app. This happens even if you set Acrobat as the default application for .pdf files, and it is a good thing it behaves like this. (In fairness, launch times for Acrobat since version 8 are no longer painful.)

I tested what happens if you delete Preview.app on a clean 10.5.8 install: the system falls back to opening QuickTime Player.app for displaying previews (which works fine). And if you delete QuickTime Player.app it falls back to using Safari.app (also works fine). And if you delete Safari.app it falls back to TextEdit.app (which works fine as long as you can render raw PDF data in your head).

It is as if going by the default association between file extension and application was not enough; that the system had a need to use a particular bit of software for these PDF preview files, regardless of what software was chosen as the handler for a different set of PDF files. Who’d have guessed?

All of this is an argument for providing a programmatic way to set the owning application for a file. You might call this a creator code, potentially any file could have one, but no biggie if it was not present because you could fall back to some regular stupid heuristic for determining the owner.

And then in Mac OS X 10.6 you might change the behaviour of the system so that this useful and important information about the file is ignored. Grumble.

Dammit, only just occurred to me to see whether the system would eventually fall back to using Acrobat itself for displaying previews. Grumble.

His first point is that Mail.app gives you a big warning before doing the dirty. I don’t think that excuses the bad behaviour. Warning someone that you behave badly does not excuse that bad behaviour (my ex says this rule applies in more cases than the implementation of mail clients).

His second point is that the user should have a backup; with a good backup she can recover from her mistake when all those old messages disappear. I agree that people should have backups, but I don’t think that argument has any weight because you can imagine that the answer for all bad design decisions is “you should have had a backup”, in which case there are no bad design decisions.

The problem is that Mail.app’s insistence on a POP account being a separate set of folders means a message cannot appear in the Inbox unless it belongs to an account. If you delete a POP account then you have to move the messages to the Inbox of another account just to keep them appearing in the Inbox. This does not make sense.

Suppose you have a large history of messages received via a POP account. Then you delete that account and switch to an IMAP service with a meagre storage limit. If you want to keep those old messages appearing in the Inbox you must move your the historic Inbox messages to the IMAP account’s Inbox even though that will take up space on the server (and there may not be sufficient space on the server for them anyway). The other option is to give up the idea that old messages belong in the Inbox and just move them to local folders “On My Mac”.

If Mail.app provided a local Inbox folder that appeared as part of the unified Inbox then my objections would go away. (There should also be a corresponding local Sent folder.)

IMAP and POP are different in that a POP account’s mailbox is really just a temporary queue for messages that have yet to be retrieved by the client. Mail.app should recognize that difference and stop pretending that the two types of account are equivalent.

Quite pleased that Hawk Wings even knows my blog exists. Hawk Wings is good.

I always liked that Outlook Express and Entourage defaulted to plain text for messages. I particularly liked the fact that OE / Entourage defaulted to bottom-posting when replying to a message – as any fule kno top-posting is a hideous convention foisted on us by miserable office mail systems back when there was still a chance that your e-mail would not be delivered via SMTP (Exchange version 5 and earlier is the primary culprit here).

I still get annoyed that when using Mail.app hitting the tab key in a plain-text e-mail inserts a tab character instead of expanding it to four spaces like Entourage.

Given enough time this post would devolve into arguments about top-posting versus bottom-posting, the width of the one true tab-stop and how HTML e-mail has turned our youths’ minds into mush.

The problem is related to how Mail.app stores messages for an account. For an IMAP account (or a Microsoft Exchange account) Mail.app creates a folder on the local disk and creates mailboxes within that folder corresponding to the mailboxes on the server. The contents of those mailboxes are synchronised with the contents of the mailboxes residing on the server. This makes perfect sense because with IMAP because the messages live on the server – keeping a local copy of those messages is effectively a performance optimisation.

What is weird is that Mail.app uses the same strategy for POP accounts, even though with POP there is only one mailbox on the server and it is effectively a temporary store for messages, which is to say that with a POP account a message does not live on the server but moves from one mailbox to another until it reaches its final resting place, that place being on the client.

The only copy of a message received via POP is on the client. (Having said that, Gmail’s POP support muddies the waters because issuing a DELE command does not actually delete the message from the server, but the principle is the same.)

Now when you go to remove an IMAP account Mail.app deletes all the local mailboxes for that IMAP account. This is not a problem, after all those local mailboxes are simple caches; the only reason the client keeps a copy is as a performance optimisation (as noted above).

Now when you remove a POP account Mail.app deletes all messages sent or received via that account, even though there will be no copy of those messages on the server (especially true for sent messages). This is not useful or intuitive – it is a bad design.

Why is this a bad design? It is a bad design because with an IMAP account you understand that the messages live on the server whereas with a POP account you understand that the messages live on your local hard drive. With an IMAP account you understand that removing the account removes your access to those mailboxes that exist on the server, whereas with a POP account it makes no sense that the act of stopping the retrieval of messages from the account implies that all the messages received via that account and now stored on your hard disk should be removed as well.

Earlier versions of Mail.app had an even more destructive behaviour when removing a POP mailbox. In the version of Mail.app that shipped as part of Mac OS X 10.4, if you removed a POP account then all messages associated with that account were removed without warning. Now imagine the not uncommon sequence of events for someone changing from POP account A to POP account B using earlier versions of Mail.app:

1. User accumulates years of e-mail using POP account A.
2. User adds new POP account B.
3. User removes POP account A.

At step 3 the user lost all her historic e-mail! Apple finally realised that this was no way to win friends and so introduced a confirmation specifically warning that messages would be lost before deleting a POP account (this change was introduced with Mac OS X 10.5).

Another unfortunate behaviour is how Mail.app handles a disabled POP account. Disabling an account stops Mail.app from using that account for sending and receiving but also removes all the associated messages from the Inbox.

It is possible to keep an old POP account enabled so that its messages are still displayed but then turn off the preference to “Include when automatically checking for new messages”. This leaves the old account available when composing a new message as a choice in the From field so one must also change the preference for “Send new messages from” to always use the new POP account in order to avoid inadvertently sending a message using the old From address (or edit the from address in the old account to match that in the new account).

Microsoft Entourage has a better approach to this situation: messages for POP accounts are delivered to the Inbox mail folder “On My Computer”, and they stay there when the POP account is deleted. The flaw in Entourage’s approach is that the local folders appear even when all your e-mail accounts are server-based (i.e. all IMAP and / or Exchange accounts). I think it would be better to create those local folders only when a POP account has been defined because if you have only server-based accounts then it is distracting to have a set of folders called “On My Computer” which have no purpose.

I tell them that a lot of things are the same, that their new computer will still go wrong in frustrating ways and that the Finder is the way it is for historical reasons. The most productive part of the conversation is suggesting bits of software that make your computing career on Macintosh less painful…

Growl! What a fantastic piece of software. Mac OS 9 introduced modeless notifications and it was immediately obvious why it was a good thing. Before then you could bring a Mac server to a halt just by holding down the mouse button for too long, and many Mac applications wanted to get your attention by throwing up a global dialog box to let you know when something had happened. Due to the classic Mac relying on co-operative multi-tasking a modal dialog box could not only interrupt the front-most application but also stop all background applications until the dialog box was dismissed. So Mac OS 9’s mode-less notifications were a great thing.

On Mac OS X there is no built-in API for posting global mode-less notifications. Growl fills that gap. Growl provides an API for Mac applications to post notifications and it presents those notifications in an unobtrusive manner, floating small windows on the top of your desktop that can be easily dismissed or ignored.

The truly great thing about Growl is how it has been adopted by developers. BBEdit uses Growl; Cyberduck uses Growl; pretty much every great Mac application supports Growl because it is such an excellent way to post notifications.

An example of Cyberduck's upload complete Growl notification

And so it seems to me that Mac OS X itself should support a Growl-like API for notifications. Either the operating system should take advantage of Growl when a user has installed it or Apple should just ship Growl as part of the system to provide its functionality as a standard API for any application to post notifications.

I believe there is a need for such an API. Witness the Google Notifier application which does not use Growl for notifications but instead chooses to post floating mode-less notification windows that look an awful lot like Growl’s notifications but which behave in a subtly different manner. Annoying.

Microsoft’s Mac installers are good, but unnecessarily complicated. And the design of the Mactopia website drives me up the wall – tiny little scrolling <div> blocks and javascript hyperlinks makes it difficult to read the information and difficult to link straight to an update.

But I disagree that the correct cursor to use for a blocking task that cannot be cancelled is the spinning beachball of death. That cursor after all is the cursor automatically provided by the operating system when an application is not responding to input events. As such when I see the beachball I associate it with a stuck application, one that may need to be forcibly quit.

Previous versions of Photoshop showed the watch cursor for actions which took a significant length of time. Showing the watch cursor is friendlier than showing the beachball of death because it indicates that the application is busy, too busy to handle your clicks but everything is hunky dory and the train will arrive at the station.

There is no watch cursor listed in Apple’s documentation on cursors. However the cursor is still present in the system and can be found in the headers for the carbon appearance manager:

kThemeWatchCursor             = 7,    /* Can Animate */

If you have Xcode 3.2.2 installed you can find this in /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/Headers/Appearance.h, line 634.

I don’t know enough about Macintosh programming to say whether it is possible to employ this cursor from a Cocoa-based application.

The next problem was that MacPorts couldn’t update because rsync was blocked by the corporate access policy. Fortunately plain HTTP is permitted outbound. Here’s how to use a local ports tree.

Install MacPorts using the disk image for 10.5.

curl -O http://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-1.8.2-10.5-Leopard.dmg
hdiutil attach MacPorts-1.8.2-10.5-Leopard.dmg
sudo installer -pkg /Volumes/MacPorts-1.8.2/MacPorts-1.8.2.pkg -target /
hdiutil detach /Volumes/MacPorts-1.8.2

If the MacPorts install directories are not in your $PATH environment, you can add them to your .profile. This change will not take effect until you start a new terminal session.

cat >> ~/.profile <<EOF
PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:${PATH}
MANPATH=/opt/local/share/man:${MANPATH}
EOF

After you have installed MacPorts, create a directory for the ports tree and check it out using Subversion.

sudo mkdir -p /opt/local/var/macports/sources/svn.macports.org/trunk/dports
cd /opt/local/var/macports/sources/svn.macports.org/trunk/dports
sudo svn co http://svn.macports.org/repository/macports/trunk/dports/ .

N.B. In the last line beginning svn co ... the trailing directory separator is significant!

Now tell MacPorts to use the local checkout rather than rsync. Edit /opt/local/etc/macports/sources.conf and add a new line to the end with the path to the ports tree, then comment out the previous line that uses rsync. Here are the last lines from my configuration:

#rsync://rsync.macports.org/release/ports/ [default]
file:///opt/local/var/macports/sources/svn.macports.org/trunk/dports/ [default]

Finally you must create an index for the tree (otherwise you will see messages saying “Warning: No index(es) found!”).

cd /opt/local/var/macports/sources/svn.macports.org/trunk/dports
sudo portindex

Now go do great things.

Many thanks to Preston Holmes for releasing watchedinstall in the first place.

My goal is to replace the functionality of the fsevents helper application with a dtrace script that can list filesystem changes. A single python script would be simpler to install and use – you wouldn’t need to install it at all, just run it from the directory you downloaded it to. No effing about with setting PATH environment variables, no worry about compiling a C program for whatever architecture.

Hey Esther!

perl -p -0 -i '.bak' -e 's/(Policy default).*(Policy)/$1>\n<Limit All>\nOrder deny,allow\nAllow from all\n<\/Limit>\n<$2/s' /private/etc/cups/cupsd.conf

Rather brutal, it just guts the default policy and replaces it with the following:

<Policy default>
<Limit All>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Limit>
</Policy>

Greg Neagle has a useful article about printing in the enterprise. Apple suggests adding the network group to the local lpadmin group, but points out that mobile users would need to be added individually. In my case most accounts are mobile accounts and we trust everyone to manage print queues on a Mac, so removing all restrictions is acceptable.

(Mac OS X 10.6 is also known as Snow Leopard, although I dislike Apple’s use of the operating system codename in their publicity material because it leads to conversations where people talk about “Leopard” and “Tiger” and one has to stop for a second to translate those to actual operating system versions and no-one is ever going to refer to Mac OS X 10.3 as Panther these days, let alone 10.2 being Jagwire or heaven forbid Puma and Cheetah. What are the chances I’ll have to look up the codename for 10.5 by the time we reach 10.10? Version numbers are not so evocative but are less confusing than codenames. This doesn’t mean I will stop naming hard disks after Mac OS codenames – my desktop has Veronica, Gershwin, Harmony and Sonata connected at the moment, with Copland and Pink sitting on the shelf as appropriate…)

Things I like about Mac OS X Snow Leopard:

• Apple’s drivers for my Epson all-in-one printer / scanner actually work. Epson’s drivers for the same printer / scanner only worked if you never used the scanner and promised to attend church more often.
• Significantly snappier.
• QuickTime Player’s minimal interface.

Things I dislike about Mac OS X Snow Leopard:

• By default the Finder does not show internal disks on the Desktop.
• The Finder ignores type / creator codes on files.

Everything else in 10.6 is good. However it strikes me that the de-emphasizing of old-style Mac metadata (type / creator codes) and the default of not showing your computer’s hard drive icon on the desktop are evidence of the triumph of old-school Next-ies within Apple.

I think the decision to cover-up the hierarchical filesystem is a bad thing.

P.S. Wouldn’t it have been awesome if, having released Mac OS X Cheetah, Apple had continued with naming their releases after other famous Hollywood animal actors? Why they stopped naming releases after disappointing Sylvester Stallone movies is beyond me – most any version of System 7 could have been named Lock Up.

This applies to network accounts which authenticate against Active Directory and do not have a mobile account.

Why my place of work used to setup Macs with the option for create mobile account at login turned off is a mystery to me.

Excel scroll bars in an inactive window

The correct behaviour is for scroll bars in inactive windows to be drawn in an inactive state and to allow scrolling even when the window is not front-most.

I rather like Excel. I thought it was the least crashy of the assorted junk Microsoft released as Office 4.2 for Mac back in 1993. Fuck me that was a pile of shit.

But copying files from the server to your Mac was hunky dory! Fun.

I like to think the programmers at Apple refuse to consider allowing software to be released until they have written comprehensive tests for regression testing. I like to think I do the same (I don’t, but I respond faster when you want my attention).

• Packaging software that does not have a dedicated installer. This applies to all the nice drag-and-drop applications like Firefox and Cyberduck.
• Packaging your own site’s software, whether that is as simple as printer descriptions or as complex as a full-blown application.
• Re-packaging some miserable piece of shit installer that either totally denies the harsh reality of Apple’s non-cross platform installer formats or which manages to make such a balls of an install package that you were better off before they bothered. Most everything by Adobe is in this category.

The first of those three is very common, and it ought to be easy to create packages for existing installed applications. Apple’s PackageMaker application provides a nice interface for creating packages, but it has two drawbacks:

• PackageMaker is not installed by default on Mac OS X (it gets intalled as part of the Developer Tools).
• Before PackageMaker 3 (part of Xcode 3, which requires Mac OS X 10.5) there was no simple method for quickly packaging an installed application.

What I want is a package creation tool that works on a 10.4 system without requiring the developer tools and which can be scripted. The packagemaker command-line tool requires an existing Info.plist file or .pmdoc file if you want to set a custom default installation directory – not the end of the world, but tedious.

Useful links

• Iceberg is an excellent graphical tool for building packages, by Stéphane Sudre who also wrote up the…
• PackageMaker how-to which is a very useful introduction to the details of .pkg files. Bit out-of-date these days.
• Man pages for the command-line packagemaker and for the installer tools.
• Apple’s software distribution documentation, which is very quiet on the subject of custom installer plug-ins. Xcode has a template project for an installer plugin, and the InstallerPlugins.framework headers have lots of information.
• Installer-dev mailing list, where the people who wrote the tools and documentation help out a lot.
• JAMF Composer which is part of the Casper management tools. Version 7 is no longer free.

From the miserable user guide:

Adobe Download Manager is a stand-alone application that improves the process of downloading files from Adobe. Adobe Download Manager provides the following benefits:

Here the document explains the benefits point by point. I dislike those benefits.

• Selects an Adobe product download destination

On a Mac, Adobe download manager ignores your download destination as set in the browser’s preferences. For Mac OS X 10.5 Apple went so far as to add a “Downloads” folder to the standard set of folders in an account. Adobe download manager prefers the “Desktop” and thinks you are wrong.

• Allows you to pause downloads
• Allows you to resume interrupted downloads

My browser already allows me to pause and resume downloads.

• Allows you to download multiple files from a single links

I don’t see why clicking a single link and unexpectedly getting multiple downloads is good. Other single links don’t do that.

• Allows you to download your products securely

As well as supporting HTTP, my browser supports an encrypted version known as HTTPS.

• Verifies download integrity and completion

I accept that a regular download says nothing about the integrity of the file itself, and that this can be a problem. The geeky / secure way to fix this is to provide verifiable checksums for file downloads. But if the file is inadvertently corrupted then a disk image is likely to fail to mount (so you would know it was incomplete). If the file is maliciously corrupted then why would trusting Adobe’s Java download manager to verify the file be any better than trusting the file in the first place?

• Leads you to the installation of your product

On a Mac there are existing guidelines for packaging software which do a better job of leading the user to the start of the installation process.

• Provides a simple interface

It is simple. But the existing download methods are simple, and are familiar. Why would a new simple interface be necessary?

• Provides System Tray downloading (Windows only)

Good for them. But irrelevant for Macintosh users, as is the helpful text on the download page that explains I will be downloading two files, an .exe and a 7zip archive, both of which are needed (unless you download the Mac version).

• Provides background downloading

You mean even when I’ve explicitly quit my browser session your downloader ignores me and keeps working? Why?

• Provides assistance with finding the download

If the download was saved in the expected folder and used the recommended install behaviour then I wouldn’t flipping need your assistance you arrogant twats.

Ugh.

Download managers were genuinely useful ten years ago when large file transfers were likely to be interrupted either because the server was at capacity or the client’s connection was unreliable (i.e. dial-up modems being forcibly disconnected every hour by your ISP). But I don’t need a download manager in 2009, not even when downloading a 1.36 gigabyte disk image file. I have a 40 megabit pipe and I don’t want to download another piece of software just so I can download a piece of software.

However Adobe’s download manager is not optional. If you want to download the Flash CS4 trial then you are required to use their downloader. Other Adobe patches and updaters are available without having to install the download manager, but this one absolutely will not work without you running a Java application in your browser!

But it is unnecessary. My browser is perfectly capable of saving the file to disk in a timely fashion, and it even knows how to pause and resume a transfer because it understands how to send the Range header in an HTTP request.

I wish Adobe would put the right people back in charge. The Java downloader is a pretty minor thing, but it smacks of a disregard for the simple and standardized mechanisms provided by a platform. In this respect it is much like Adobe’s continued refusal to kill their terrible custom Mac installers.

Once I got Flash CS4 up and running I found myself wondering why it kept crashing. And then I realized that Adobe has changed the behaviour for Flash CS4 so that closing the final window quits the application…

My spirits sank lower.

You can easily change the default save format within the preferences for Word, Excel and PowerPoint, but the simplest thing when deploying Office 2008 to a whole bunch of machines is to set the default format once and have every user pick up that setting.

Fortunately Microsoft Office 2008 uses the system defaults database and even honours preferences from the Library domain.

Here’s the preference files in /Library/Preferences for Excel, PowerPoint and Word:

computer:~ david$ ls -al /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.*
-rw-r--r--  1 root    admin  256 29 Jan 14:21 com.microsoft.Excel.plist
-rw-r--r--  1 root    admin  301 29 Jan 14:21 com.microsoft.Powerpoint.plist
-rw-r--r--  1 root    admin  257 29 Jan 14:14 com.microsoft.Word.plist

Contents of the Excel plist to save in Excel 97-2004 Workbook (.xls) format by default:

computer:~ david$ cat /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Excel.plist 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>2008\Default Save\Default Format</key>
    <integer>57</integer>
</dict>
</plist>

I wonder what the significance of 57 is… Probably meaningful in hex or something.

PowerPoint plist to save as PowerPoint 97-2004 Presentation (.ppt) by default:

computer:~ david$ cat /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Powerpoint.plist 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>2008\Default Save\Default Save\Default Format</key>
    <string>Microsoft PowerPoint 98 Presentation</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Word plist to save as Word 97-2004 Document (.doc) by default:

tfg02215-2:Preferences dbuxton$ cat /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Word.plist 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>2008\Default Save\Default Format</key>
    <string>Doc97</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Let’s create these all using the defaults command in one go:

defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Excel "2008\Default Save\Default Format" -int 57
defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Powerpoint "2008\Default Save\Default Save\Default Format" "Microsoft PowerPoint 98 Presentation"
defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.microsoft.Word "2008\Default Save\Default Format" "Doc97"

Sweet.

Now any new user on that machine will pick up these preferences and will use the old formats by default (but can choose to use the new formats by changing preferences if necessary).

Just thinking about having to find files on a Macintosh fills me with dread. Spotlight is useless for finding anything unless you know where it is already. I am in the half of the Venn diagram labelled believes names of files and folders have meaning. In the other half are the interface designers of Apple’s Spotlight technology.

Here’s a plum example of how a Spotlight window in Mac OS X 10.5.3 does an alphabetic sort-by-name of results when searching for files using File Name criteria.

I hate Spotlight. Makes me wonder what the point of all that amazing search engine technology is.